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M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt
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Name: M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt
Standard: DIN976
Material: SS316
Size: M4
Lenght: 1000mm
Surface: Natural color
Standard: DIN976
Material: SS316
Size: M4
Lenght: 1000mm
Surface: Natural color
Quantity
M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt is manufactured in strict compliance with DIN 976, 1000 mm long and ready to be cut to any desired length on site, reducing waste and speeding up assembly. Made of highly corrosion-resistant SS316, it retains high strength, non-magnetism and a lasting bright finish even in marine fog, acid/alkali media and cycling high-low temperatures. Supplied in plain metal colour without extra coating, it is the ideal fastening solution for chemical plants, offshore projects, high-end instrumentation and hygienic piping systems.
Mass production of M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt follows seven tightly-linked steps:"melting-forming-cutting-thread rolling-cleaning-inspection-protection", each of which governs final corrosion resistance and dimensional accuracy.
1. Melting & Continuous Casting
The mill charges raw materials to AISI 316 chemistry, melts in an EAF and refines in an AOD vessel to ≤0.03 % carbon, adds Mo ≥ 2.5 % and closely balances Cr and Ni to guarantee a pitting-resistance equivalent PREN ≥ 32. The melt is then continuously cast into 50-130 mm square or round billets, flame-scarfed and air-cooled, providing ultra-clean feedstock for subsequent M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt production.
The mill charges raw materials to AISI 316 chemistry, melts in an EAF and refines in an AOD vessel to ≤0.03 % carbon, adds Mo ≥ 2.5 % and closely balances Cr and Ni to guarantee a pitting-resistance equivalent PREN ≥ 32. The melt is then continuously cast into 50-130 mm square or round billets, flame-scarfed and air-cooled, providing ultra-clean feedstock for subsequent M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt production.
2. Hot-rolled Rod
Billets are soaked at 1150 °C, progressively rough-, intermediate- and finish-rolled to 5.5-20 mm rod. Controlled water cooling after final rolling keeps the temperature below 950 °C to avoid carbide precipitation; pickling removes scale, giving a clean surface that meets the stringent surface-quality demands of M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt.
Billets are soaked at 1150 °C, progressively rough-, intermediate- and finish-rolled to 5.5-20 mm rod. Controlled water cooling after final rolling keeps the temperature below 950 °C to avoid carbide precipitation; pickling removes scale, giving a clean surface that meets the stringent surface-quality demands of M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt.
3. Cold-drawing to Size
The rod is phosphate- or borax-soap-coated and pulled through a multi-die continuous drawer, step-reduced to target size with ≤30 % cold reduction, raising strength while preserving ductility. On-line eddy-current testing weeds out any crack, ensuring every M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt blank is defect-free.
The rod is phosphate- or borax-soap-coated and pulled through a multi-die continuous drawer, step-reduced to target size with ≤30 % cold reduction, raising strength while preserving ductility. On-line eddy-current testing weeds out any crack, ensuring every M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt blank is defect-free.
4. Cold-/Hot-forging of Blanks
Bolt makers crop the straightened wire to length and normally cold-head both end heads in one stroke (skipped for fully-threaded double-end studs). Large diameters (≥M24) are induction-heated to 950 °C and hot-forged to keep head fibre flow continuous and free of laps; the small-size M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt bypasses this stage and moves directly to thread rolling, saving material.
Bolt makers crop the straightened wire to length and normally cold-head both end heads in one stroke (skipped for fully-threaded double-end studs). Large diameters (≥M24) are induction-heated to 950 °C and hot-forged to keep head fibre flow continuous and free of laps; the small-size M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt bypasses this stage and moves directly to thread rolling, saving material.
5. Thread Forming
Thread forming dictates fit performance. The standard method is cold rolling on a flat-die roller: at room temperature two rotating dies press the plain shank at ~1500 MPa, keeping metal fibre uninterrupted along the thread profile, giving 25 % higher thread strength and three times the fatigue life of cut threads. High-precision or special-pitch threads are CNC-turned with oil-mist cooling to Ra ≤ 0.8 µm, ensuring fully formed, fully interchangeable threads on M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt.
Thread forming dictates fit performance. The standard method is cold rolling on a flat-die roller: at room temperature two rotating dies press the plain shank at ~1500 MPa, keeping metal fibre uninterrupted along the thread profile, giving 25 % higher thread strength and three times the fatigue life of cut threads. High-precision or special-pitch threads are CNC-turned with oil-mist cooling to Ra ≤ 0.8 µm, ensuring fully formed, fully interchangeable threads on M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt.
6. Heat Treatment & Pickling
As an austenitic grade, 316 needs no quench-and-temper; only a 1050 °C solution treatment, water quenched, to dissolve carbides and restore maximum corrosion resistance. Subsequent mixed nitric-hydrofluoric acid pickling, followed by neutralisation in a passivating aqueous solution, builds a chromium-rich film ≥1.5 nm thick, enhancing the pitting resistance of M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt.
As an austenitic grade, 316 needs no quench-and-temper; only a 1050 °C solution treatment, water quenched, to dissolve carbides and restore maximum corrosion resistance. Subsequent mixed nitric-hydrofluoric acid pickling, followed by neutralisation in a passivating aqueous solution, builds a chromium-rich film ≥1.5 nm thick, enhancing the pitting resistance of M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt.
7. Visual & Mechanical Inspection
Every bar is 100 % visually examined and re-checked by spark-spectrometry to verify Mo ≥ 2.0 % and Ni ≥ 10.0 %. Dimensions are accepted to ISO 965-2 Class A, threads must pass GO/NO-GO gauges, and samples are tensile-, impact- and salt-spray-tested: no rust spots after 72 h neutral salt-spray. Mill test certificates accompany each shipment of M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt.
Every bar is 100 % visually examined and re-checked by spark-spectrometry to verify Mo ≥ 2.0 % and Ni ≥ 10.0 %. Dimensions are accepted to ISO 965-2 Class A, threads must pass GO/NO-GO gauges, and samples are tensile-, impact- and salt-spray-tested: no rust spots after 72 h neutral salt-spray. Mill test certificates accompany each shipment of M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt.
8. Protection & Packaging
Approved studs are sealed in VCI polyethylene film with plastic protective caps screwed on both ends. For offshore service they are further inserted into moisture-barrier aluminium foil bags and vacuum-sealed, ensuring the natural metallic colour remains untarnished during transit and storage. Every package of M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt can go straight to the assembly line without re-cleaning.
Approved studs are sealed in VCI polyethylene film with plastic protective caps screwed on both ends. For offshore service they are further inserted into moisture-barrier aluminium foil bags and vacuum-sealed, ensuring the natural metallic colour remains untarnished during transit and storage. Every package of M4 Stainless Steel 316 Stud Bolt can go straight to the assembly line without re-cleaning.
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