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Alloy 28 Stud Bolt
QS Fastener: Alloy 28 Stud Bolt
Name: Alloy 28 Stud Bolt
Material: Alloy 28
Standard: UNS N08028
Size: M8 to M64
Hardness: 155 HB
Length: 30 to 800 mm
Application: For Oil and Gas Pipelines
Feature: Resistance to both comprehensive corrosion and local corrosion
Material: Alloy 28
Standard: UNS N08028
Size: M8 to M64
Hardness: 155 HB
Length: 30 to 800 mm
Application: For Oil and Gas Pipelines
Feature: Resistance to both comprehensive corrosion and local corrosion
Quantity
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt is manufactured from high-performance nickel-iron-chromium alloy Alloy 28, compliant with UNS N08028 standard. It is available in sizes ranging from M8 to M64 and lengths from 30 to 800 mm, with customization options available. The hardness of the Stud Bolt does not exceed 155 HB. Designed specifically for harsh environments such as oil and gas pipelines, the Stud Bolt offers exceptional resistance to both general and localized corrosion. With its superior material properties and wide range of applications, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt is an ideal choice for industries such as petrochemicals and energy transportation, providing long-lasting safety and reliability for equipment.
Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 28
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt is a nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum alloy fastener whose unique chemical composition and microstructure grant it exceptional performance in extreme corrosive environments.
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt is a nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum alloy fastener whose unique chemical composition and microstructure grant it exceptional performance in extreme corrosive environments.
1. Corrosion Resistance in Acidic Environments
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance in various acidic media, particularly in strong acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid.
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance in various acidic media, particularly in strong acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid.
1.1 Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)
10% Sulfuric Acid (50°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.05 mm/year.
- Tests show that after 1000 hours of immersion, the Alloy 28 exhibits no visible corrosion marks and minimal weight loss.
- 50% Sulfuric Acid (25°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.1 mm/year.
- During 500 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt demonstrates excellent stability, with no pitting or intergranular corrosion.
10% Sulfuric Acid (50°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.05 mm/year.
- Tests show that after 1000 hours of immersion, the Alloy 28 exhibits no visible corrosion marks and minimal weight loss.
- 50% Sulfuric Acid (25°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.1 mm/year.
- During 500 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt demonstrates excellent stability, with no pitting or intergranular corrosion.
1.2 Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
- 10% Hydrochloric Acid (25°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.1 mm/year.
- After 720 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt shows only slight surface discoloration, with no localized corrosion.
- 20% Hydrochloric Acid (50°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.5 mm/year.
- Despite the increased corrosion rate, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt outperforms most stainless steels and nickel-based alloys.
- 10% Hydrochloric Acid (25°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.1 mm/year.
- After 720 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt shows only slight surface discoloration, with no localized corrosion.
- 20% Hydrochloric Acid (50°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.5 mm/year.
- Despite the increased corrosion rate, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt outperforms most stainless steels and nickel-based alloys.
1.3 Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)
- 10% Phosphoric Acid (50°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.02 mm/year.
- After 1000 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt exhibits an extremely low corrosion rate, with a smooth and defect-free surface.
- 85% Phosphoric Acid (25°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.01 mm/year.
- After 500 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt shows almost no weight loss and maintains excellent surface condition.
- 10% Phosphoric Acid (50°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.02 mm/year.
- After 1000 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt exhibits an extremely low corrosion rate, with a smooth and defect-free surface.
- 85% Phosphoric Acid (25°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.01 mm/year.
- After 500 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt shows almost no weight loss and maintains excellent surface condition.
2. Corrosion Resistance in Alkaline Environments
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt also demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance in alkaline media, particularly in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) environments.
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt also demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance in alkaline media, particularly in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) environments.
2.1 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
- 10% NaOH (50°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.01 mm/year.
- After 1000 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt shows no signs of corrosion, with negligible weight loss.
- 50% NaOH (25°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.02 mm/year.
- During 500 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt exhibits high stability, with no localized corrosion or stress corrosion cracking.
- 10% NaOH (50°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.01 mm/year.
- After 1000 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt shows no signs of corrosion, with negligible weight loss.
- 50% NaOH (25°C):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.02 mm/year.
- During 500 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt exhibits high stability, with no localized corrosion or stress corrosion cracking.
3. Corrosion Resistance in Chloride Environments
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt offers outstanding resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments, making it particularly suitable for seawater and salt spray conditions.
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt offers outstanding resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments, making it particularly suitable for seawater and salt spray conditions.
3.1 Seawater (3.5% NaCl, 25°C)
- Corrosion Rate: ≤0.025 mm/year.
- Pitting Potential: ≥1.0 V (SCE), significantly higher than that of common stainless steels (e.g., 316L at 0.3 V).
- Crevice Corrosion: After 1000 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt shows no crevice corrosion, with a well-maintained surface.
- Corrosion Rate: ≤0.025 mm/year.
- Pitting Potential: ≥1.0 V (SCE), significantly higher than that of common stainless steels (e.g., 316L at 0.3 V).
- Crevice Corrosion: After 1000 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt shows no crevice corrosion, with a well-maintained surface.
3.2 Salt Spray Test (ASTM B117)
- Test Duration: 5000 hours.
- Results: The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt exhibits only slight surface discoloration, with no signs of corrosion and minimal weight loss.
- Test Duration: 5000 hours.
- Results: The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt exhibits only slight surface discoloration, with no signs of corrosion and minimal weight loss.
3.3 High-Temperature Chloride Environments
- 200°C Chloride Solution (10% NaCl):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.1 mm/year.
- After 500 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt shows no pitting or stress corrosion cracking.
- 200°C Chloride Solution (10% NaCl):
- The corrosion rate of the Alloy 28 is ≤0.1 mm/year.
- After 500 hours of testing, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt shows no pitting or stress corrosion cracking.
4. Practical Applications
- Oil and Gas: In acidic oil and gas fields (H₂S and CO₂ environments), the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt has a service life exceeding 10 years, with no corrosion failures.
- Chemical Industry: In sulfuric and phosphoric acid production equipment, the Alloy 28 remains intact after 5 years of use.
- Marine Engineering: In seawater desalination equipment, the Alloy 28 shows no pitting or crevice corrosion after 8 years of use.
- Oil and Gas: In acidic oil and gas fields (H₂S and CO₂ environments), the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt has a service life exceeding 10 years, with no corrosion failures.
- Chemical Industry: In sulfuric and phosphoric acid production equipment, the Alloy 28 remains intact after 5 years of use.
- Marine Engineering: In seawater desalination equipment, the Alloy 28 shows no pitting or crevice corrosion after 8 years of use.
Summary
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt demonstrates exceptional corrosion resistance in acidic, alkaline, and chloride environments, with low corrosion rates and high stability significantly extending its service life. Whether in strong acids, strong alkalis, or high-concentration chloride environments, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt delivers reliable performance, making it an ideal choice for extreme corrosive conditions.
The Alloy 28 Stud Bolt demonstrates exceptional corrosion resistance in acidic, alkaline, and chloride environments, with low corrosion rates and high stability significantly extending its service life. Whether in strong acids, strong alkalis, or high-concentration chloride environments, the Alloy 28 Stud Bolt delivers reliable performance, making it an ideal choice for extreme corrosive conditions.
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