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Wenzhou Stud Bolt
QS Fastener: Wenzhou Stud Bolt
Name: Wenzhou Stud Bolt
Material: Monel 400
Size: 1-3/8 inch
Length: 150 mm
Feature: Nonmagnetic, high strength, corrosion resistance
Application: For Seawater, Sulfuric Acid and Hydrochloric Acid Environment
Standard: UNS N04400
Material: Monel 400
Size: 1-3/8 inch
Length: 150 mm
Feature: Nonmagnetic, high strength, corrosion resistance
Application: For Seawater, Sulfuric Acid and Hydrochloric Acid Environment
Standard: UNS N04400
Quantity
The Wenzhou Stud Bolt presented here is manufactured from Monel 400 (UNS N04400), a nickel-copper alloy that delivers an exceptional balance of strength and corrosion resistance. With a diameter of 1-3/8 inches and a length of 150 mm, this double-ended stud bolt is designed for critical bolting applications where standard stainless steels fall short. Its non-magnetic characteristic, combined with high tensile properties and outstanding resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking, makes it a reliable choice for harsh operating conditions.
Corrosion Performance Data
In seawater environments (3.5% NaCl, 25°C), the corrosion rate of the Monel 400 stud bolt remains ≤0.025 mm/year, substantially lower than 316 stainless steel at 0.1–0.2 mm/year. ASTM G48 testing confirms a pitting potential (Epit) ≥1.0 V, demonstrating superior resistance to localized attack. After 5,000 hours in ASTM B117 salt spray, only minor surface discoloration appears without measurable corrosion.
In acidic media, performance is equally impressive:
- Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄): ≤0.05 mm/year in 10% concentration at 50°C; ≤0.1 mm/year in 50% at 25°C.
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): ≤0.1 mm/year in 10% HCl at 25°C, versus 5.0 mm/year for 316 stainless; ≤0.5 mm/year in 20% HCl at 50°C.
- Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄): ≤0.02 mm/year in 10% at 50°C; virtually negligible at ≤0.01 mm/year in 85% at 25°C.
- Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄): ≤0.05 mm/year in 10% concentration at 50°C; ≤0.1 mm/year in 50% at 25°C.
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): ≤0.1 mm/year in 10% HCl at 25°C, versus 5.0 mm/year for 316 stainless; ≤0.5 mm/year in 20% HCl at 50°C.
- Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄): ≤0.02 mm/year in 10% at 50°C; virtually negligible at ≤0.01 mm/year in 85% at 25°C.
In alkaline solutions, the alloy shows nearly no attack: ≤0.01 mm/year in 10% NaOH at 50°C, and ≤0.02 mm/year in 50% NaOH at 25°C. These figures place Monel 400 close to Inconel 625 in many severe media, while offering a more cost-effective solution.
Application Scenarios
This Wenzhou Stud Bolt is specified for seawater handling systems, including desalination plants, shipbuilding, offshore platforms, and subsea pipeline flanges. It is also widely used in chemical processing equipment handling sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid, as well as in caustic soda evaporation units and pulp bleaching towers. The non-magnetic property is particularly valued in sensitive electronic or medical-adjacent equipment where magnetic interference must be avoided. Service life in desalination environments routinely exceeds 20 years with minimal maintenance.
Manufacturing and Industry Context in Wenzhou
Wenzhou, located in Zhejiang Province, is one of China’s most prominent fastener manufacturing clusters. The region hosts thousands of enterprises specializing in bolts, nuts, screws, and custom non-standard fasteners, backed by a complete supply chain from raw material procurement to heat treatment, surface finishing, and logistics. Over the past two decades, Wenzhou fastener producers have shifted from commodity-grade carbon steel products to high-alloy solutions, including Monel, Inconel, Hastelloy, and duplex stainless steels, meeting export standards such as ASTM, ASME, and ISO. Local manufacturers benefit from mature testing laboratories, rapid prototyping capabilities, and competitive pricing due to scale. The Wenzhou Stud Bolt series represents this industrial evolution—combining global material standards with local production efficiency, ensuring traceability and consistent quality for demanding projects worldwide.
Summary
The Monel 400 stud bolt from Wenzhou offers verified corrosion resistance across seawater, acids, and alkalis, with data substantially outperforming 316 stainless steel. It provides long-term stability, mechanical reliability, and non-magnetic properties essential for marine, chemical, and oil & gas sectors. Supported by Wenzhou’s robust fastener manufacturing ecosystem, this product delivers a proven, cost-competitive solution for engineers specifying high-performance bolting in extreme environments. For critical service conditions, this stud bolt merits serious consideration as a standard specification item.
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